In 1860, José María Verdugo's grandson Teodoro Verdugo built the Catalina Verdugo Adobe, which is the oldest building in Glendale. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, confirmed by the Commission in 1855, and the grant was patented to Julio and Catalina Verdugo in 1882. With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored.
Mexican rule ended during the Mexican–American War: Americans took control from the Californios after a series of battles, culminating with the signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga on January 13, 1847. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, and from 1824, Rancho San Rafael existed within the new Mexican Republic. It was built on Rancho San Rafael, granted to José María Verdugo in 1784, which included all of modern-day Glendale. The Catalina Verdugo Adobe is the city's oldest building. Unlike the later Mexican land grants, the concessions were similar to grazing permits, with the title remaining with the Spanish crown. Rancho San Rafael was a Spanish concession, of which 25 were made in California. In 1798, José María Verdugo, a corporal in the Spanish army from Baja California, received the Rancho San Rafael from Governor Diego de Borica, formalizing his possession and use of land on which he had been grazing livestock and farming since 1784. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city. The city is bordered to the northwest by the Sun Valley and Tujunga neighborhoods of Los Angeles to the northeast by La Cañada Flintridge and the unincorporated area of La Crescenta to the west by Burbank and Griffith Park to the east by Eagle Rock and Pasadena to the south by the Atwater Village neighborhood of Los Angeles and to the southeast by Glassell Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. Glendale lies in the Verdugo Mountains, and is a suburb in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) north of downtown Los Angeles. Census the population was 196,543, up from 191,719 at the 2010 census, making it the fourth-largest city in Los Angeles County and the 24th-largest city in California. Glendale is a city in the San Fernando Valley and Verdugo Mountains regions of Los Angeles County, California, United States.
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